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100-LEVEL COURSES FOR UNDERGRADUATES

101-0 – Earth Science for the 21st Century

Earth science encompasses the geology, chemistry, biology, and physics of our planet, while appreciating its beauty. Environmental degradation, natural resources, energy, climate change, and geologic hazards are among the most pressing issues facing society in the 21st century. This course introduces students to Earth science through topical lectures and discussion of current events and research in Earth science. Topics include formation, evolution, structure, and composition of the Earth, plate tectonics and the rock cycle, the water cycle, climate change, paleoclimate, peak oil and fracking, renewable energy, nuclear fuel cycle and policy, geology of the National Parks, and job prospects in Earth science.  WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

102-7 – Gaia Hypothesis (College Seminar)

Despite massive external changes, Earth's surface has remained suitable for life for most of its history. For instance, the sun emitted about 30% less heat energy when the Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago, and calculations suggest that the Earth's surface should have remained frozen until approximately 2 billion years ago. However, geologic evidence supports the existence of liquid water and life since at least 3.8 billion years ago. This seminar will explore the Gaia hypothesis, developed by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis, which asserts that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system, with life playing a central role in sustaining the planet's habitability.

102-8 – Sustainability & Social Justice (First-Year Seminar)

The challenge of sustainability to "meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" has evolved over the past few decades. This course will introduce fundamental concepts of sustainability, consider the application of these concepts in diverse societal, economic, and cultural settings, and explore the potential of climate science and sustainable development to act as forces for environmental and social justice.

102-8 – Mapping our World (First-Year Seminar)

Geospatial technologies have revolutionized the ways we observe, analyze, and represent our world. This seminar introduces students to how maps and spatial data shape our understanding of places, environments, and societies, from everyday navigation to global decision-making. Students will explore topics such as map design, spatial and satellite data, and the social dimensions of mapping. Through analytical, reflective, and research-based writing, students will learn to interpret visual information, evaluate spatial arguments, and communicate insights clearly. This seminar emphasizes both spatial literacy and the development of strong academic writing skills.

102-8 – Earth is Out to Kill You: Science and History of Earthquakes and Volcanoes (First-Year Seminar)

In this seminar, we will learn about some of the most devastating natural disasters in Earth's recorded history. We will explore the science and the human toll of earthquakes and volcanoes - frequent reminders from our dynamic planet that it has little respect for human life. We will cover current events, as exemplified by recent destructions in Haiti and Spain, as well as historical events such as the Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 which kicked off the Age of Enlightenment, and the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 which led to the Year Without a Summer, and which gave us Dracula and Frankenstein. There will be several writing assignments on science-related topics. In the words of Voltaire, bemoaning the Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755: "Come, ye philosophers, who cry, "All's well," And contemplate this ruin of a world."

102-8 – Climate Change: The Scientific Evidence (First-Year Seminar)

Anthropogenic climate change represents a massive global experiment. In this course we will discuss the scientific evidence for anthropogenic climate change, including atmospheric composition changes, sea level rise, melting ice sheets, temperature records, and extreme weather events such as hurricanes. Current trends and the role of human activities will be examined in the context of the geologic record of natural climate variability and the feedbacks inherent in the climate system. Anticipated future impacts include droughts, floods, spread of infectious diseases, drinking water shortages, habitat loss and extinctions. Given these forecasts, strategies for managing the effects of global warming will be assessed. This writing seminar specifically aims to develop effective scientific writing and visual communication for the natural sciences.

105-0 – Climate Catastrophes in Earth History

The objective of this course is to introduce students to the fundamental components of the Earth system--the atmosphere, hydrosphere and solid Earth--and more importantly, examine how these components interact in response to internal and external influences to control climate. Within this Earth systems context, we will explore how climate is changing today, how it has changed (sometimes catastrophically) in the geologic past, and how it may change in the future. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

106-0 – The Ocean, The Atmosphere and Our Climate

The role of the world's oceans in the earth's climate system. Properties of the oceans and marine life. Interaction of oceans, atmosphere, and land. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

114-0 – Evolution and the Scientific Method

The scientific method is explored through the role it has played in the development of evolutionary thought. The course tracks the history of evolutionary theory from its earliest origins to the modern consensus, and in so doing, provides examples of scientific method as practiced in biology, geology, physics, and chemistry. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

170-0 – Earth, the Biosphere, and our Environment

The current Earth-Biosphere system is unique from both what has come before and what will be. How evolution of the Earth, its residents, and their interactions create habitable environments is key to understanding our future. We will delve into fundamental topics in Earth Science, cell biology, and evolution to create a foundation on which to understand environmental sustainability.  WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

180-0 – Fantasy Worlds - How to Build Your Own Planet

The formation and evolution of rocky planets. Introduction of physical concepts common in the lives of planets as they are in our everyday lives: gravity, heat transport, magnetism, and others. Students will apply these concepts to build their own unique planet, and will present their creation at a culminating poster presentation. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

200-LEVEL COURSES FOR UNDERGRADUATES

 

210-0 – Earth Systems Science & Climate Change

Previously ENVR_SCI 201: Earth: A Habitable Planet or EARTH 203: Earth System History. Students may not enroll if they have previously completed EARTH 203-0 or ENVR_SCI 201-0.

This introductory course will cover Earth systems: atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere, and their interactions at local and global scales. With an emphasis on systems thinking, we will learn 1) how physical, chemical, and biological processes formed and modify the Earth’s surface and climate; 2) the history of those processes and their regulation of global climate over the lifetime of our planet; and 3) how human activity now impacts these systems.  Topics include Earth’s energy sources and how they drive processes from plate tectonics to global wind patterns, the co-evolution of life with Earth’s surface atmosphere, and environmental issues such as water resources and climate change.  This is a required course for both Environmental Science and Earth and Planetary Sciences students. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

211-0 – Data Analysis for Earth & Environmental Sciences

Overview of quantitative methods and modeling approaches for earth, environmental and planetary sciences, including data standards, environmental statistics, box modeling, geospatial and geo-temporal analyses. Teaching methods focus on skill-mastery, and teamwork. The data sets used span sub-disciplines, such as population, climate, solid earth, and water science.  NEW in spring 2026.  WCAS Foundational Discipline - Empirical and Deductive Reasoning FD-EDR

212-0 – Ecology & Environmental Change

Previously ENVR_SCI 202-0: Health of the Biosphere.  Students may not enroll if they have previously completed ENVR SCI 202. 

This course studies the growth of populations and their interactions in ecological communities. Topics include: the ecological niche; projections of population growth, including the history of human growth, harvesting populations, and population viability analysis of endangered species; interactions among species, including competition, predation, and disease transmission; measuring the diversity of ecological communities; the effects of diversity on energy flow. More advanced topics will also be addressed, including the biodiversity-stability relationship, the economic values of biodiversity and ecosystem function, and the biology and management of metapopulations in fragmented habitats.

213-0 – Decision-Making in the Anthropocene

Previously ENVR_SCI 203: Humans and the Environment. Students may not enroll if they have previously completed ENVR_SCI 203.

Environmental science is the interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with the living and nonliving parts of their environment. In this course, we will examine current environmental challenges, such as climate change, the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable production of energy, and the implications of human population growth. A case study approach will be used bringing in dimensions of ethics, justice, law, economics, policy, culture, and more, in compliment to the understanding of the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere functions and condition. 

214-0 –Physical Earth Science

Previously EARTH 201: Earth Systems Revealed. Students may not enroll if they have previously completed EARTH 201-0.

Introduction to Physical Geology: The study of Earth systems and their interactions. This course will approach the study of Earth systems from two perspectives: 1) description and classification of Earth's features, including Earth materials, internal structure, and landforms and 2) description and explanation of the physical, chemical and biological processes that form and modify these features. Topics include minerals; sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks; the interior Earth, oceans, and atmosphere; solid Earth processes, such as volcanism, seismicity, and plate tectonics and their interactions with the atmosphere and hydrosphere to drive surface Earth processes, such as climate, weathering, and glaciation; geologic time; global change. This course includes a mandatory field trip to Baraboo, Wisconsin (see registration requirements for details). WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

215-0 – Physics of the Earth's Interior

Previously EARTH 202: Earth's Interior. Students may not enroll if they have previously completed EARTH 202.

Mechanics of plate tectonics; past plate motions; seismic waves; earthquake mechanisms; earth structure from seismology; shape, size, density, & gravity of the Earth; radiometric age dating; heat and temperature in the Earth; composition and dynamics of mantle and core; oceanic & continental lithosphere, minerals & rocks; planetary formation. Students should be familiar with calculus, introductory physics, introductory chemistry. Some familiarity with computer programming or other ways to process and visualize data (e.g. spreadsheet) is also expected. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

204-0  **now 397-0** – Communication for Geoscientists

This course will help undergraduate Earth Sciences majors hone their communication skills, and learn some specific communication styles applicable to our field. Science writing and scientific literature can be intimidating and obtuse. This course is designed to break manuscripts down into their base components, detailing the goal, style, and content required for each section. In addition we will cover verbal and visual forms of communication such as posters and talks. Writing is learned through practice, so this course will be hands on with weekly assignments, peer review, and required classroom engagement.

300-LEVEL COURSES FOR UNDERGRADUATES AND GRADUATE STUDENTS

300-0 – Earth and Planetary Materials

The Earth and planets are composed of minerals, rocks, melts, and fluids. Earth materials covers the materials science of these substances. The study of Earth materials is fundamental to Earth, environmental, and engineering sciences because it deals with formation, stability, environments, and properties of natural materials at all scales from the atomic to large-scale processes such as weathering and earthquakes. The physical properties of Earth materials are largely controlled by bonding and crystal structure. This course begins with an atomistic approach to understanding mineral properties, but then extends physical properties and mineral stability to the larger geological and planetary scales. The properties of minerals also dictate how we use them for societal applications, ranging from raw materials to energy sources, chemical filters, and storage materials. Mineralogy is the application of physics, chemistry, and biology to natural materials, and this course emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of mineralogy. Students will also gain knowledge about the analytical methods used to study minerals and their environments. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

301-0 – Petrology: Evolution of Crustal and Mantle Rocks

Origin, composition, and classification of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Application of laboratory characterization and basic thermodynamics to interpreting observed rock textures and mineral assemblages in terms of geological processes. 

310-0 – Aqueous Geochemistry

The geochemistry of rivers, groundwater, lakes, and seawater. Topics include thermodynamics, kinetics, acids and bases, pH and alkalinity, carbonate equilibria, chemical weathering, and numerical modeling. Recommended Background: One year of chemistry coursework. 

312-0 – Stable Isotope Geochemistry

A survey of the chemical, physical and biological mechanisms and fundamental concepts of stable isotope fractionation. The course will focus on applications of H, O, C, S, N and trace metal (i.e., Fe and Mo) isotopes to geologic problems with an emphasis on climate change and ancient ocean chemistries.

313-0 – Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry

Application of radiogenic isotopes to problems in geochemistry, petrology, hydrology, oceanography, ecology, and environmental science. Includes radioactive decay, nucleosynthesis, cosmochemistry, geochronology, mixing processes, and numerical modeling. Recommended Background: One year of chemistry coursework.

314-0 – Organic Geochemistry

The sources and fates of organic matter in the natural environment; global cycling of organic carbon; applications to the study of modern and ancient environments. Recommended Background: at least one quarter of earth or environmental science, and one quarter of chemistry. Taught with CIV_ENV 314- 0; may not receive credit for both courses.

323-0 – Seismology and Earth Structure

Elastic theory, seismic waves, seismometers and seismograms, ray paths, travel times; internal structure of the earth; field seismology. Recommended Background: EARTH 215- 0, calculus, ordinary differential equations, and some exposure to complex numbers. No prior earth science experience required. 

324-0– Earthquakes and Tectonics

Earthquakes: location, characteristics, origin, mechanism, and relation to plate motions; seismic hazard. Recommended Background: Calculus, ordinary differential equations, and some exposure to complex numbers. No prior earth science experience required.

327-0 – Geophysical Time Series Analysis

Analysis of seismic and other geophysical data. Sampling, windowing, discrete and fast Fourier transforms, z-transforms, deconvolution, and filtering. Recommended Background: EARTH 215 and calculus differential equations; or consent of instructor.

330-0 – Sedimentary Geology

Sedimentary rocks; stratigraphy; local, regional, and global correlation. Ancient depositional systems; facies analysis in context of tectonic, eustatic, and climatic controls on deposition. Recommended Background: EARTH 210  or consent of instructor.

331-0 – Field Problems in Sedimentary Geology

Field methods in stratigraphy and sedimentology; interpretation of depositional systems, facies models, and sequence stratigraphy based on field observations. Includes 3½-week late-summer field trip to Colorado and Utah. Prerequisite: EARTH 330- 0.

335-0 – Tectonics and Structural Geology

Deformation of rock masses: strain, fracture, slip, stress, and rheologic regimes; rock structures; folds, faults, foliations; seismic parameters in tectonic studies; orogenic belts and their tectonic evolution. Recommended Background: EARTH 210- 0, and at least one credit of physics; or consent of instructor.

340-0 – Physics of Weather and Climate

An investigation of atmospheric processes and the physical laws that govern them. Topics covered include atmospheric composition and structure, radiative transfer, thermodynamics, convection, precipitation, and the general circulation of the three-dimensional atmosphere. When possible, course content will engage with contemporaneous atmospheric conditions, and provide students with a better understanding of their meteorological and climatic environments. Recommended Background: Completion of full year of calculus Math and Physics. WCAS Foundational Discipline - Natural Sciences  FD-NS

341-0 – Quaternary Climate Change

Methods for reconstructing and dating past environmental changes, causes of natural climate change, and major climate events of the Quaternary through the present. Their relevance for understanding current climate change. Prerequisite: At least one 200-level EARTH course; or consent of instructor. 

342-0 – Contemporary Energy and Climate Change

Interdisciplinary course examining global energy use and associated challenges, including the history of energy use, the science of climate change, and technological, economic, and environmental aspects of various energy sources. Registration reserved for seniors majoring in math, science, or engineering, and graduate students in all disciplines. Taught with ISEN 410- 0; may not receive credit for both courses. 

343-0 – Earth System Modeling

Introduction to the art and science of reducing Earth's complex systems into simple numerical models to build a better understanding of how components interact and evolve. Recommended Background: At least one 200-level course in Earth or Environmental Science, one course in each of calculus and physics

344-0 – Scientific Foundations of Decarbonization

The Scientific Foundations of Decarbonization will address the fundamental scientific understanding of how biogeochemical cycles moderate greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and marine realm, how changes in these gases control Earth climate on short and long timescales, and how human activities have rapidly altered the geologic balance of the carbon cycle. This knowledge base provides the foundation to understand decarbonization. Because most decarbonization strategies target different aspects of the carbon cycle, the core content of the course will review the geochemistry of carbon on land, in the lithosphere, and in the atmosphere, oceans, and other waters. This background will prepare students for a series of guest lectures from alumni of the Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences (currently employed in decarbonization start-ups and government agencies) that will present the most recent advances in decarbonization being investigated and/or implemented in the U.S. and abroad.

350-0 – Physics of the Earth for ISP

Solid-earth geophysics: the earth's gravity field, the earth's magnetic field, interior of the earth, heat flow, elementary wave propagation, plate tectonics. Prerequisites: second-year standing in ISP; or comparable background in mathematics and physics and consent of both instructor and ISP director.

352-0 – Global Tectonics

Kinematics of plate tectonics. Geometry, determination, and description of plate motions. Paleomagnetism, marine magnetism, and hot spots. History of ocean basins and mountain-building processes. Recommended Background: EARTH 215- 0, and completion of first-year calculus and physics.

353-0 – Mathematical Inverse Methods in Earth & Environmental Sciences

Theory and application of inverse methods to gravity, electromagnetic, seismic, and other data. Linearized, non-linear, underdetermined, and mixed-determined problems and solution methods, including regularized least-squares and search algorithms. Recommended Background: Python programming language and two of 1) linear algebra, 2) statistics for physical scientists, 3) differential calculus of multivariable functions.

354-0 – Physics of Rock Deformation in Planetary Interiors

Rock deformation governs many geological processes that shape the history and the future of terrestrial planets, including mantle convection, plate tectonics, earthquake cycles, volcanism, etc. Physics of rock deformation involves generation and motion of crystalline defects in minerals, such as vacancies, dislocations, and grain boundaries. This course provides an interdisciplinary treatment of the science of deformation of solid Earth with an emphasis on the materials science (microscopic) approach. We cover mechanical behavior over various time-scales, including the elastic, anelastic (viscoelastic), and plastic response, in addition to the applications of these results to important geological and geophysical problems. Special attention is given to high-temperature creep of olivine, the main constituent of the lithosphere and upper mantle. No previous knowledge of geology/geophysics or of materials science is assumed. The basics of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics are presented as far as they are relevant to the main topics of the course.

360-0 – Instrumentation & Field Methods

Theory and practicum on electronic instrumentation for monitoring and measurement in earth sciences, including data loggers, conceptual design and construction of electronic sensors, signal processing, data management, and network design. Recommended Background: 3 EARTH courses at 200 or 300 level, or permission of the instructor.

361-0 – Scientific Programming in Python

Introduction to coding, scientific computing, and visualization for analyzing data in the physical sciences. Emphasis on Python, but Unix, shell scripting, and Generic Mapping Tools are also introduced. Students undertake a significant final coding project individually or in pairs. 

363-1 – Geographical Information Systems - GIS Level 1 

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a powerful data analysis tool and map making platform using geospatial and temporal data.  Lectures and weekly labs will build up knowledge of theory, and a suite of skills focused on core algorithms and work-flow approaches, in order to access and view real-world data, analyze it, advance research by testing hypothesis, and inform decision-making. Wide ranging data sets from the natural and social sciences will be used – point data such as site locations, vectors such as the boundaries of areas, and remotely sensed raster data from satellites and drones. No prior experience with GIS required.  WCAS Foundational Discipline - Empirical and Deductive Reasoning FD-EDR

363-2 – Geographical Information Systems - GIS Level 2

Building on the foundation and core knowledge gained in EARTH 363-1 – GIS Level 1, this course moves into advanced analytical approaches in Geographical Information Systems required to solve complex problems and gain experience with spatial analysis, network analysis, 3-D analysis, GIS modeling, and geostatistics. Students will also learn about internet-based mapping for dissemination of spatial data. Error analysis and propagation will be considered throughout. The course includes weekly labs, 3 collaborative mini-projects, and a major final project where students work to test hypotheses, advance a research question, or provide evidence-based recommendation to pressing world problems.  Pre-requisite - EARTH 363-1 GIS Level 1, or permission of the instructor. 

366-0 – Geochemical Analytical Techniques

This class will include chemical and analytical techniques for stable isotope analysis of a variety of matrices and organic compounds. This will include hands-on laboratory experiments as well as some theoretical considerations. Extraction, chromatography, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, data processing, and other common techniques in organic and inorganic chemistry will be discussed.

370-0 – Geobiology

This course will evaluate the interplay between biological and physical processes in shaping the surface Earth. Major topics include: the role of microbes in major element cycling (C, N, S, P), historical geobiology (how has life changed the planet over time?), methodologies applied in geobiology, humans as agents of geobiology, and the related fields of astro/exobiology. Taught with CIV_ENV 317- 0; may not receive credit for both courses. 

371-0 – Biogeochemistry

The cycling of biogenic elements (C, N, S, Fe, Mn) in surficial environments is the focus of this course. Emphasis will be placed on microbial processes and isotopic signatures. Prerequisites: One quarter of chemistry plus one quarter of geoscience, environmental science, or biology to enroll in this course. Taught with CIV ENV 317; students may not earn credit for both courses. [Previously offered as EARTH 317]

373-0 – Microbial Ecology

This course will provide a framework for understanding the role of microbes in natural environments in terms of cell numbers, metabolisms, and interactions with geochemical cycles. We will delve deeply into the interactions between microbial populations, higher organisms, and even our own bodies. The course will finish on a survey of microbial composition and dynamics in key settings across the planet. Recommended Background: Basic understanding of chemistry, biology, and earth science. 

375-0 – Paleobiology

Fossils record the 3.8 billion year history of life on Earth, and extinct organisms make up 99% of all the species that ever lived. The fossil record reveals insights into evolutionary processes and the distributions and structures of organisms and ecosystems that cannot be observed by studying living organisms. This course is an introduction to the concepts of paleobiology: the nature of fossils, evolutionary trends and adaptations, systematics, paleoecology, and biogeography. We will investigate how life, from individual organisms to whole biomes, has changed over time; the geologic processes that lead to the burial and preservation of organic material; and the scientific methods by which we infer the biological processes that occurred across deep time from the limited and often biased fossil record. Course has prerequisites.   Offered previously as 390 Special Topics.

390 – Special Topics: Hydrology

Storage and flux of water in near-earth terrestrial surface: surface water hydrology, shallow groundwater hydrogeology, and lake limnology. Recommended Background: Three courses in EARTH or ENVR SCI at the 200 or 300 level, or permission of the instructor. 

390 – Special Topics: R Data Science

As we are in the era of ‘big data’, the quantity and quality of data available for environmental, ecological and earth science research has exploded over the past few decades. The free and open-source R programming language has become a powerful tool in data analysis in scientific research. This course offers an introduction to the fundamentals of data science using the programming language, R. The course contents span from basic R programming skills to advanced skills including data management, visualization and analysis of spatial data such as weather and satellite imagery data. By conducting hands-on exercises and an extensive project, students will develop dynamic and reproducible outputs based on their own fields of interests. This course does not require prior coding experience.

397 – Scientific Communication for DEEPS

Previously EARTH 204: Communication for Geoscientists. 

This course teaches how to speak the language of scientists. Students hone their scientific reading, writing, and presentation skills, breaking manuscripts and proposals down into components, detailing the approach, style, and content required for each. Verbal and visual scientific communication styles including posters and talks are also included. This course includes hands on daily assignments, peer review, and classroom engagement.  Prerequisites: Declaration of the EARTH major or minor, or the ENVR SCI major, or instructor permission.

399-0 – Independent Study

Special problems under direct faculty supervision. Comprehensive report required. Consent of instructor required.

400/500-LEVEL COURSES FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 

 

438-0 – Advanced Topics in Geophysics

Topics include tectonophysics and the bodily structure of the Earth, dislocation theory in Earth motions, glaciology, geochronology, and emerging and new areas of geophysics. Intended for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students.

 

440-0 – Advanced Topics in Geochemistry

Topics at the frontiers of geochemistry research taught by visiting or department faculty. Intended for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students.

450-0 – Advanced Topics

Topics at the frontiers of research taught by visiting or department faculty. Intended for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students.

451-0 – Advanced Topics in Paleoclimate

Methodology in paleoclimate: stable-isotope, paleoecological, and other methods for reconstructing the past climate. Fundamental principles of climate change on the time scale of thousands to millions of years. Climate reconstructions from the Cretaceous to the present. Intended for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students.

462-0 – Advanced Topics in Seismology

Topics at the frontiers of seismology research taught by visiting or department faculty. Intended for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students.

499-0 – Independent Study

Study of special problems under the direct supervision of one or more members of the teaching staff. A comprehensive report and/or a comprehensive examination is required. May be repeated for credit.  Consult with faculty mentor if the  EARTH 499 Independent Study Course Agreementis requested.

519-0 – Responsible Conduct of Research Training

All Earth and Planetary Sciences Graduate Students and Post Doctoral Fellows must complete the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) Training in their first year of the program. This course includes online "CITI" modules as well as discussion sections. New students and fellows should contact the Assistant Chair with any questions. Recommended Background: Earth and Planetary Sciences Graduate Students and Post-Doctoral Fellows Only.